OMAHA (DTN) -- USDA officials said Thursday the Trump administration's new $16 billion trade-aid package will not distort planting decisions, but farmers will have to plant a crop this spring to be eligible for payments.
USDA provided details of another year of Market Facilitation Program of up to $14.5 billion in direct payments to farmers. The payments, though, will be structured differently from the MFP payments farmers have received over the past nine months. Under the new program, as a way to avoid planting distortions, USDA will pay crop farmers "based on a single county payment rate multiplied by a farm's total planted acres in 2019."
The county rate will be based on the total volume of crops planted in a county that were affected by trade retaliation tariffs from China, the European Union and Turkey.
Payments will be broken down into three tranches this time. The first set of payments could go out as early as July or August after farmers have provided Farm Service Agency with their crop-reporting data, which is due July 15.
The new MFP payments will be capped at the total amount of eligible acreage a farmer planted in 2018. While USDA officials said the new program was done to avoid distorting spring planting decisions, the new MFP will push farmers to avoid prevented planting. Further, farmers facing disasters who cannot plant won't be eligible under the program.
"You will not receive payments if you do not plant," said Rob Johansson, USDA's chief economist.
Based on the last USDA NASS Crop Progress report, more than 47 million acres of corn and roughly 67 million acres of soybeans still needed planting. Both crops are way behind their normal planted acres by this time in the spring.
The crops eligible under the new MFP include: alfalfa hay, barley, canola, corn, crambe, dry peas, extra-long staple cotton, flaxseed, lentils, long grain and medium grain rice, mustard seed, dried beans, oats, peanuts, rapeseed, safflower, sesame seed, small and large chickpeas, sorghum, soybeans, sunflower seed, temperate japonica rice, upland cotton and wheat.
Agriculture Secretary Sonny Perdue praised President Donald Trump for pushing to get the payments to farmers. Trump will hold an event Thursday afternoon, as well, with representatives from various farm organizations.
USDA officials said using the county-based formula would avoid farmers planting crops this spring specifically for the payments to a specific commodity.
"The goal, obviously, from our perspective is the goal is we want producers around America to produce the way they would without any government program," Perdue said. "We don't want them to skew planting intentions or any other types of policies that we would do. We want them to act this spring just like they would have acted without any program."
Perdue also characterized the trade-aid payments as coming from tariff revenue, though USDA will be using its authority under the Commodity Credit Corporation to pay farmers. Perdue said CCC will be replenished from Treasury funds, which also is where tariff payments are going.
"While legally you can't direct tariff payments into agriculture, that's what the president feels like China is paying for this program for our ag supporters and our ag producers out of tariff revenue that we are getting from the tariffs on China," Perdue said.
Under the MFP, dairy farmers also will receive a payment based on production history, and pork producers will receive a payment based on their inventory at a timeframe that will be announced later.
The MFP comes as corn exports are down 11% from a year ago and soybean exports are down 17% from a year ago. Exports from neither commodity right now are moving fast enough to meet USDA's forecast for exports for the 2018-19 crop year.
The plan also includes spending $1.4 billion under a food purchase and distribution program, similar to the program that has spent $703 million under last year's setup. The program is used for buying fruits, vegetables, some processed foods, beef, pork, poultry and dairy products that will be distributed by USDA to food banks nationally.
USDA also will set aside another $100 million dedicated to developing and growing more export markets for farm products. USDA just recently announced $200 million for checkoff programs and other groups that will go specifically for expanding export markets by these organizations.
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